Latin phrases about warfare.

 

Here are some common Latin phrases related to war, along with their translations:

1. Veni, vidi, vici - "I came, I saw, I conquered"

2. Si vis pacem, para bellum - "If you want peace, prepare for war"

3. Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori - "It is sweet and honorable to die for one's country"

4. Alea iacta est - "The die is cast"

5. Aut viam inveniam aut faciam - "I will either find a way or make one"

6. Per aspera ad astra - "Through hardships to the stars"

7. In hoc signo vinces - "In this sign, you will conquer"

8. Morituri te salutant - "Those who are about to die salute you"

9. Non ducor, duco - "I am not led, I lead"

10. Nemo me impune lacessit - "No one provokes me with impunity"

These phrases have been used in various contexts throughout history and have become part of the common lexicon in many languages.

And here are some Latin phrases related to legion equipment, along with their translations:

1. "Hasta" - "Spear"

2. "Pilum" - "Javelin"

3. "Galea" - "Helmet"

4. "Lorica" - "Body armor"

5. "Scutum" - "Shield"

6. "Gladius" - "Sword"

7. "Caligae" - "Military boots"

8. "Pugio" - "Dagger"

9. "Balteus" - "Belt"

10. "Fascina" - "Bundle of sticks"

These phrases were commonly used by ancient Roman soldiers to describe and refer to their equipment. 

The hasta and pilum were the primary weapons of the legionary soldier, while the galea and lorica provided protection.

Pila (plural of pilum)

The scutum was a large rectangular shield that provided additional defense, and the gladius was a short sword used in close combat.

Gladius

The caligae were sturdy military boots, and the pugio was a dagger used as a backup weapon.

The balteus was a wide belt worn by soldiers to hold their weapons and other equipment, and the fascina was a bundle of sticks used by Roman soldiers to fortify their positions and build defensive structures.

The Hastati 

The Hastati were a class of infantry in the Roman Republican army, who fought in the first line of battle. They were typically younger and less experienced soldiers, who were equipped with a hasta (a thrusting spear) and a gladius (a short sword). The Hastati were part of the Roman military's three-line formation, known as the triplex acies, which also included the Principes and the Triarii.

Hastati 

The name "Hastati" is derived from the Latin word "hasta", which means spear. The Hastati were so named because the hasta was their primary weapon. The Hastati were originally drawn from the wealthiest citizens of Rome, who were required to provide their own equipment. Later, as the Roman army expanded, the Hastati were recruited from the general population, and the state provided them with their equipment.

During a battle, the Hastati would form the first line of battle, charging forward with their spears to engage the enemy. If they were successful in breaking the enemy line, they would then follow up with their swords to finish off the enemy. If the Hastati were unable to break the enemy line, they would retreat and allow the Principes to take their place. The Hastati were considered the least experienced and the most expendable of the three lines, and were often used as a shock force to soften up the enemy before the more experienced and better-equipped Principes and Triarii took over.

Ancient Egyptian phrases about trade

 

Ancient Egyptian slave trade

Here are some Ancient Egyptian phrases related to trade:

1. "nfrw mHw" (neferu mehu) - "good goods"

This phrase was used to describe high-quality merchandise that was desirable for trade.

2. "mAa-xrw" (maa-kheru) - "true of voice"

This phrase was used as a declaration of honesty and trustworthiness in business dealings.

3. "imy-r pr" (imy-per) - "in the house of the pharaoh"

This phrase was used to indicate that a particular item or product was of the highest quality and had the pharaoh's approval, making it valuable and desirable for trade.

4. "sDm Hr-sStA" (sedjem her-seshta) - "to establish a market"

This phrase was used to describe the process of setting up a market or bazaar for trading goods.

5. "wab nswt" (wab nesut) - "royal purveyor"

This phrase was used to describe a person or company that had been appointed by the pharaoh to supply goods for the royal court, indicating their high level of skill and reputation in trade.

Slave trade

It's important to note that slavery was a common practice in ancient Egypt, and it was not considered immoral or unethical at the time. However, there are no recorded phrases specifically about the slave trade in ancient Egyptian texts. 

There are, however, some texts that mention the acquisition of slaves through warfare and other means. For example, the "Tale of Sinuhe," an ancient Egyptian literary text, mentions the capture of slaves during a military campaign in the Levant. Similarly, inscriptions on the walls of temples and tombs often depict scenes of conquered peoples being brought before the pharaoh as tribute, which sometimes included slaves.

It's also worth noting that the ancient Egyptians had a complex system of social hierarchy, and slaves were considered at the bottom of the social ladder. However, slaves were not necessarily treated poorly, and some were even able to attain positions of power and influence in ancient Egyptian society.

As I mentioned earlier, there are no recorded phrases specifically about the slave trade in ancient Egyptian texts. However, I can provide some examples of related terms and phrases that were used in ancient Egypt:

- "Hery Shemsu" - This term translates to "followers of Horus" and was used to refer to prisoners of war who were taken as slaves.

- "Tawi" - This term was used to refer to foreign captives who were taken as slaves.

- "Shemayet" - This term was used to refer to domestic slaves who worked in households and were often acquired through purchase or as a form of payment for debts.

- "Senetjer" - This term was used to refer to a document that was used to transfer ownership of slaves from one person to another.

While these terms do not specifically refer to the slave trade, they do provide insight into the different types of slaves that were present in ancient Egyptian society and how they were acquired and managed.

Maritime trade

Ancient Egypt was a civilization highly dependent on its river, the Nile, for transportation and trade. However, they did engage in some maritime trade along the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts. Here are some phrases related to maritime trade in ancient Egypt:

- "Waret" - This term refers to a type of boat used for maritime trade. These boats were often made of cedar wood and were equipped with sails and oars.

- "The Great Green" - This was the term used by the ancient Egyptians to refer to the Mediterranean Sea, which was an important route for maritime trade.

- "Punt" - This was an ancient land located along the Red Sea coast that was known for its exotic goods. The ancient Egyptians established trade relations with Punt and sent expeditions there to acquire goods such as myrrh, frankincense, and exotic animals.

The land of Punt

 - "Khenmet" - This term refers to a type of harbor or port, and was used to describe the places where boats would dock to engage in maritime trade.

- "Kha-nedjet" - This term refers to a type of goods or cargo that was transported by boat. These goods could include grain, textiles, metals, and other commodities.

Overall, while maritime trade was not as significant to ancient Egypt as riverine trade, it did play a role in the economy and the acquisition of exotic goods from distant lands.

Riverine trade

Here are a few Ancient Egyptian phrases related to riverine trade:

1. "ḥw.t nb.w" (hetep nebu) - This phrase means "offerings of all goods" and was often used in the context of trade and commerce. It was used to express the idea of a general exchange of goods and services between different parties.

2. "ḫntjw" (khenetiu) - This term referred to the river traders who sailed up and down the Nile, transporting goods from one place to another. These traders were an important part of the Ancient Egyptian economy, as they helped to connect different regions and facilitate the exchange of goods.

3. "nfrw" (neferu) - This word is often translated as "beautiful" or "good" and was frequently used in the context of trade to describe the quality of goods being exchanged. For example, a trader might say that a particular shipment of grain or textiles was "nfrw" to indicate that it was of high quality.

4. "t3 nṯr" (taa netcher) - This phrase means "the land of the gods" and was used to refer to the southern region of Egypt, which was a major source of gold, precious stones, and other luxury goods. Traders who traveled to this region to obtain these goods would often use this phrase to describe their destination.

5. "sḫm.t" (sekhemet) - This term referred to the tax that was levied on goods transported along the Nile. The amount of the tax varied depending on the type of goods being transported and the distance traveled, but it was an important source of revenue for the Ancient Egyptian government.

Read also

The River Nile in Ancient Egyptian 

Back to Ancient Egyptian core phrases.

About foreign languages (Russian podcast)

Про иностранные языки.

About foreign languages.

 

Недавно ехала на автобусе и оказалась в окружении стайки молодежи, лет 16ти-17ти.

Вероятно, все они учатся в языковой школе: за моей спиной несколько человек болтали по-французски, а справа говорили на немецком, периодически в моменты избытка эмоций переходя на английский.

Recently I was riding the bus and found myself surrounded by a flock of young people, about 16-17 years old.

Probably all of them are in a language school: behind me several people were talking in French, and on my right they were talking in German, occasionally switching to English in moments of excessive emotion.

Получалось так естественно, что сначала подумала - а не билингвы ли они… но где ж взять в нашей деревеньке одновременно столько европоязычных билингв 🧐

И вот решила спросить, как обстоит дело с языками у вас? Нужны ли вам лично иностранные языки, пользуетесь ли?

It came out so naturally, that at first I thought - whether they are not bilinguals ... but where to get in our village at the same time so many European-speaking bilinguals 🧐

So I thought I'd ask, what's the situation with languages in your country? Do you personally need and use foreign languages?

Part 1 

Transliteration: Nedavno ekhala na avtobuse i okazalas' v okruzhenii staiki molodezhi, let 16ti-17ti.

Translation: Recently, I was riding on a bus and found myself surrounded by a group of teenagers, around 16-17 years old.

Vocabulary:

- Недавно (nedavno) - recently

- Ехала (ekhala) - was riding

- На (na) - on

- Автобусе (avtobuse) - bus

- И (i) - and

- Оказалась (okazalas') - found myself

- В (v) - in

- Окружении (okruzhenii) - surrounded by

- Стайки (staiki) - group (slang)

- Молодежи (molodezhi) - teenagers/youth

- Лет (let) - years

- 16ти-17ти (16ti-17ti) - 16-17 (years old)

- Вероятно (veroyatno) - probably

- Все (vse) - all

- Они (oni) - they

- Учатся (uchatsya) - are studying

- В (v) - in

- Языковой (yazykovoy) - language

- Школе (shkole) - school

- За (za) - behind

- Моей (moyey) - my

- Спиной (spinoy) - back

- Несколько (neskol'ko) - several

- Человек (chelovek) - people

- Болтали (boltali) - were chatting/talking (slang)

- По-французски (po-frantsuzski) - in French

- А (a) - and

- Справа (sprava) - to the right

- Говорили (govorili) - were speaking/talking

- На (na) - in/on

- Немецком (nemetskom) - German

- Периодически (periodicheski) - periodically

- В (v) - in

- Моменты (momenty) - moments

- Избытка (izbytka) - excess

- Эмоций (emotsiy) - emotions

- Переходя (perehodya) - switching

- На (na) - to

- Английский (angliyskiy) - English

Part 2

Transliteration: Poluchalos' tak estestvenno, chto snachala podumala - a ne bilingvy li oni… no gde zh vzat' v nashey dereven'ke odnovremennо stol'ko evropoyazychnykh bilingv 🧐

I vot reshila sprosit', kak obstoit delo s yazykami u vas? Nuzhny li vam lichno inostrannye yazyki, pol'zuetes' li?

Translation: It seemed so natural that at first I thought - are they bilinguals... but where in our village can you find so many European-speaking bilinguals 🧐

So, I decided to ask, what is the situation with languages for you? Do you personally need foreign languages, do you use them?

Vocabulary:

- Получалось (poluchalos') - it turned out

- Так (tak) - so

- Естественно (estestvenno) - naturally

- Что (chto) - that

- Сначала (snachala) - at first

- Подумала (podumala) - thought

- А (a) - but

- Не (ne) - not

- Билингвы (bilingvy) - bilinguals

- Ли (li) - whether

- Они (oni) - they

- Но (no) - but

- Где (gde) - where

- Ж (zh) - particle indicating emphasis

- Взять (vzyat') - to find/to take

- В (v) - in

- Нашей (nashey) - our

- Деревеньке (dereven'ke) - village (diminutive)

- Одновременно (odnovremennо) - at the same time

- Столько (stol'ko) - so many

- Европоязычных (evropoyazychnykh) - European-speaking

- Решила (reshila) - decided

- Спросить (sprosit') - to ask

- Как (kak) - how

- Обстоит (obstoĭt) - the situation is

- Дело (delo) - matter

- С (s) - with

- Языками (yazykami) - languages

- У (u) - for

- Вас (vas) - you (singular)

- Нужны (nuzhny) - needed

- Лично (lichno) - personally

- Иностранные (inostrannye) - foreign

- Пользуетесь (pol'zuetes') - do you use

Buying stuff in Ukrainian.

 

Here are some common phrases and vocabulary you might need when buying things in Ukrainian:

Phrases:

1. Скільки коштує це? (Skil'ky koshtuye tse?) - How much does this cost?

2. У вас є це у іншому кольорі? (U vas ye tse u inshomu kolori?) - Do you have this in a different color?

3. Я хотів би купити це. (Ya hotiv by kupity tse.) - I would like to buy this.

4. Чи можу я отримати знижку? (Chy mozhu ya otrymaty znyzhku?) - Can I get a discount?

5. Я хотів би повернути це. (Ya hotiv by povernuty tse.) - I would like to return this.

6. Дякую! (Dyakuyu!) - Thank you!

7. Ні, дякую. (Ni, dyakuyu.) - No, thank you.

Vocabulary:

1. магазин (mahazyn) - store/shop

2. товар (tovar) - merchandise/goods

3. гроші (hroshi) - money

4. каса (kasa) - cash desk/checkout

5. касир (kasyr) - cashier

6. кредитна карта (kredytna karta) - credit card

7. розмір (rozmir) - size

8. колір (kolor) - color

9. знижка (znyzhka) - discount

10. продавець (prodavets') - salesperson

Here's an example dialogue:

Salesperson: Добрий день! Що вас цікавить? (Dobryi den! Shcho vas tsikavyt'?)

Translation: Good day! What are you interested in?

Customer: Добрий день! Я шукаю сукню на випускний. (Dobryi den! Ya shukayu sukniu na vypusknyi.)

Translation: Good day! I am looking for a dress for prom.

Salesperson: Звичайно, ми маємо багато вибору. Який розмір вам потрібен? (Zvychaino, my mayemo bahato vyboru. Yakyi rozmir vam potriben?)

Translation: Of course, we have a lot of choice. What size do you need?

Customer: Мені потрібен розмір М. (Meni potriben rozmir M.)

Translation: I need a size M.

Salesperson: Ось, ми маємо декілька варіантів. Що ви думаєте про цю сукню? (Os', my mayemo dekil'ka variantiv. Shcho vy dumayete pro tsiu sukniu

Translation: Here, we have a few options. What do you think about this dress

Customer: Ця сукня дуже гарна, але чи є її в іншому кольорі? (Tsiia suknia duzhe harna, ale chy ye yii v inshomu kolori

Translation: This dress is very pretty, but do you have it in a different color

Salesperson: Так, ми маємо в чорному та червоному кольорах. (Tak, my mayemo v chornomu ta chervonomu kolorakh

Translation: Yes, we have it in black and red colors

Customer: Яке ціна на цю сукню? (Yake tsina na tsiu sukniu

Translation: What's the price for this dress

Salesperson: Ціна - 1500 гривень. (Tsina - 1500 hryven'

Translation: The price is 1500 hryvnias

Customer: Я хотів би купити цю сукню. (Ya hotiv by kupity tsiu sukniu

Translation: I would like to buy this dress

Salesperson: Добре, я заберу вашу кредитну карту. (Dobre, ya zaberyu vashu kredytnu kartu

Translation: Okay, I'll take your credit card

Customer: Дякую! (Dyakuyu

Translation: Thank you

I hope this example dialogue and vocabulary help you when buying things in Ukrainia!!)..)..)..)??)..)??)??)an!!)..)..)..)??)..)??)??)uying things in Ukrainian!

Back to Ukrainian core phrases