Ancient Egyptian phrases about war.

Ancient Egyptian Warfare Against the Hyksos

Ancient Egyptians fighting the Hyksos

War-Related Phrases in Ancient Egyptian

ḫꜥj-ḫꜥt (khaj-khat) - Warfare

𓄿𓌨𓏏

khaj-khat kherj rowety - Warfare against foreign enemies

khaj-khat en neb - Warfare led by the king

nḫt (nekh-t) - Battle

𓈖𓄿𓌨𓏏

nekh-t en neb - The battle of the king

nekh-t rowety - Battle against enemies

tpy (t-p-y) - To Fight

𓏏𓊵𓇳

t-p-y en rowety - Fighting against enemies

t-p-y en neb - Fighting for the king

ḫr (kher) - To Destroy

𓐍𓂧

kher rowety - Destruction of enemies

kher neb - Destruction of the enemy's power

nḥm (nekh-em) - To Smite

𓈖𓎛𓅱

nekh-em kherj - Smiting the enemy

nekh-em en neb - Smiting for the king

ḫꜥ (kha) - Army

𓄿𓌨

kha neb - The king's army

kha en rowety - The army of the enemies

ḥꜣt (hat) - Soldier

𓎛𓄿𓍯

hat neb - The king's soldiers

hat rowety - The soldiers of the enemies

nb (neb) - Lord, Ruler

𓎟

neb en neb - The king of kings

neb t-p-y - The ruler who fought

nṯr (neter) - God, Divine

𓊵

neter neb - The divine king

neter en rowety - The divine enemy

ḫrj (kherj) - Enemy

𓐍𓂧𓏭

kherj neb - The king's enemy

kherj en rowety - The enemy of enemies

History of the Hyksos

The Hyksos were a group of people who migrated into ancient Egypt from the eastern Mediterranean region around the 17th century BCE. They were likely a mixed group of people, including Semitic-speaking individuals from Western Asia and Hurrian and Kassite people from the area of modern-day Iran.

The Hyksos established their capital at Avaris, in the eastern delta region of Egypt, and began to exert their influence over the northern part of the country. They introduced new military technology, such as the chariot, and they also introduced new cultural and religious practices.

The Hyksos ruled Egypt for about 100 years, during a period known as the Second Intermediate Period. However, they faced increasing resistance from the native Egyptians, who eventually rallied under the leadership of a series of pharaohs from the Theban region in southern Egypt.

The most famous of these pharaohs was Ahmose I, who is credited with launching the successful campaign to expel the Hyksos from Egypt. Ahmose I was able to unite the various factions within Egypt and build a powerful army that was able to defeat the Hyksos in a series of battles. The final battle took place at the city of Avaris, which was the Hyksos capital, and the Egyptians were able to breach the city walls and capture the city.

With the defeat of the Hyksos, Egypt entered the New Kingdom period, which was marked by a renewed sense of national pride and a period of great prosperity and cultural achievement.

Explanatory Video

Ancient Egyptian Archers

An Ancient Egyptian archer caricature.

Ancient Egyptian archers were a vital part of the military, skilled in the use of composite bows. They played a significant role in battles, providing ranged support and defending fortifications. Archers were often recruited from the lower classes and trained extensively, with depictions showing them in action during campaigns like those of Ramses II.

These archers used advanced techniques, including shooting from chariots, which gave them mobility and precision. Their arrows, tipped with flint or bronze, were effective against both infantry and cavalry, contributing to Egypt's military success during the New Kingdom period.